Carburetor



,.C. B. PIERCE Sept. y7, 1937 CARBURETOR Original Filed April '7, 1 .933

3 Sheets-Sheetl Y a im Sept. 47, 1937. c. la. Pn-:RCE

' C ARBURETOR riginal Filed April fr, s sheets-sheet 2` C. B. PIERCE Sept. 7, 1937.

GARBURETOR Original Filed April 7, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 www 0,. milf/Za Patented Sept. 7, 1937u UNITED STATES maar;

Application April 7,

1933, Serial No. 665,004

Renewed December 30, 1936 13 Claims.

This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in carburetors and is a companion application of my application Serial Number 665,003 led April 7, 1933, the object being to provide a carburetor with an atomizing tube and `an atomizing nozzle disposed therein so constructed that the ripping edge of the nozzle will deflect the air passing thereby towards a ripping vedge of the atomizing tube which will direct or deflect the air over the upper' face of the nozzle so as to thoroughly vaporize the fuel delivered therefrom.

Another object of my invention is to provide `a carburetor with an atomizing tube and a fuel l" nozzle, each being provided with a ripping edge set in progressive formation so as to deflect the :air currents against one another in order to create a vturbulence to thoroughly vaporize the fuel mixture delivered from the nozzle.

A still further object of my invention is to provide a carburetor having a plurality of nozzles with ripping edges closely associated with one another so that the ripping edges of one nozzle 'will deect the air stream passing thereby against the ripping edges of the adjacent nozzle so as to create a turbulence of the air to thoroughly porize the fuel being delivered from the nozzles.

Other and further objects and advantages of the invention will be hereinafter set fcrthvand the novel features thereof defined in vthe appended claims.

v -In the drawings,

Figure l is a vertical section, partly in elevation, f a carburetor constructed in accordance with my invention in which the atomizng tube and nozzles are shown in the air lvalve type of carburetor such as the Marvel type well known in the art;

' Figure 2 is an enlarged horizontal section taken on line 2-2 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a detail enlarged vertical section;

Figure 4 is an enlarged section taken at right angles to Figure 3;

' Figure 5 is a detail vertical section through the upper portion of one of the highrspeed nozzles;

tix

Figure 6 is a detail vertical section through a `n'iodiiied form of atomizing tube;

Figure 'l is a horizontal section through a portion of a carburetor constructed as disclosed in Figure 1 showing a modified form of atomic/ing tube illustrated in Figure 6; and

Figure 8 is a section taken on Figure '7.

In the drawings I have illustrated my invention as being applied to a Marvel type of carburetor line SWB of (Cl. E61-4.1)

which comprises a body i having a' carbu1-eting passage extending therethrough, an air inlet 2 and a throttle valve `controlled outlet 3. The body vcarries a constant level reservoir t from which extends a fuel passage 5 terminating in an upwardly extending threaded portion 6 into which is adapted to be arranged a low speed nozzle l constructed :in accordance with my invention.

Extending from the fuel passage 5 is an auxiliary fuel passage il which is provided with upwardly extending 'threaded portions S and i@ into which are adapted to be screwed the threaded lower ends of high speed nozzles il and l2 for progressively feeding fuel.

The communication between the fuel passages 5 and 8 may be direct or may be through a me tered opening, but the particular manner of feeding the high speed nozzles forms no part of this invention as the Marvel type of carburetor now in vuse employs a metering pin for this purpose and while I amv aware that my invention is capable of being used with this particular type of carbuertor with means for metering the fuel supplied to the nozzles, I do not wish to 'limit myself to the metering 'of fuel to the high speed nozzle as my improved constructions of nozzles are capable o'f being used with any of the well known type `of feeding means now in general use wherein fuel isA 'maintained at a predeterminedlevel the fuel nozzles by a constant level reservoir. v

In my companion application executed Zeven date therewith, I have illustrated a fuel nozzle constructed in accordance with my invention arranged in what is known as a plain tube carburetor and I have found in practice that a nozzle conl,

structed in accordance with my invention functions to thoroughly atomize the fuel irrespective in what type of carburetor employed and there`- fore I do not wish to confine myself to the use of any particular type of carburetor as the 'invention illustrated in this application would function inr a plain tube carburetor with an atomizing tube constructed as herein shown and described.

Disposed within the carburetor is a segmental shaped block I3 having a vertical bore into which the low speed nozzle 1 extends, said bore forming an atomizing tube `having a converging portion I4 at its lower end 'or entrance and a diverging portion ll5 at its top which merges into an annular enlarged portion it which is undercut as shown at il to form a sharp ripping edge which deflects the air passing therethrough laterally and creates a turbulence of the air so as to atomize the fuel delivered from the nozzle as will be hereinafter fully described. Thisannular enlargement forms a restriction of the passage of air passing through the atomizing tube so as to increase the velocity and to deflect the air currents towards the nozzle.

The low speed nozzle as herein shown is provided with a threaded lower end which screws into the threaded portion 6 of the fuel passage 5 and is provided with a fuel passage l 8 which communicates with a fuel bore I9 formed in an enlarged head. This head is constructed substantially in the same manner as disclosed in my companion application above referred to and. comprises a series of annular shoulders 20 gradually increasing in size from the stem towards f the top of the head to form a plurality of ripping edges which deflect the air currents passing therethrough towards the ripping edge l1 of the atomizing tube so that a great turbulence of air is created in passing through the atomizing tube.

The top of the nozzle is provided with a conical depression 2i in communication with the fuel bore I9, said depression being surrounded by an annular fiat portion 22 intersecting a beveled portion 23 which intersects the outer circumferential face of the head at an obtuse angle. The point of intersection of the beveled portion 23 is approximately on a line with the shoulder I'l so that the air in passing through the atomizing tube is deflected towards the inner wall of the tube by the progressively increasing size of the ripping edges and as the air strikes the ripping edge l1 of the atomizing nozzle, it is deflected across the beveled edge of the nozzle so that it picks up the film of fuel thereon. As these two ripping edges are arranged in different horizontal planes, the

interior of the atomizing tube has progressively arranged ripping edges to deflect the air currents and as the restriction i6 and enlarged portion of the head forms an obstruction which increases the velocity of the air, these deflected air currents create a great turbulence so as to thoroughly vaporize the fuel mixture discharged from the atomizing tube.

While I have found in my experimental work that a nozzle constructed as herein shown and used in an atomizing tube as herein shown in the position shown creates a turbulence to thoroughly vaporize the fuel, I do not wish to limit myself to the exact positioning of these ripping edges in respect to one another.

Extending transversely through the passage in the carburetor adjacent the atomizing tube is a shaft 24 on which is pivo-tally mounted a suction operated valve 25 which is normally held in contact with the wall of the carburetor as clearly shown by a spring means 26 of the conventional type so that said spring means can be adjusted to vary the tension of the spring on the suction operated valve.

The nozzles Il and I2 disposed under the suction operated valve are herein shown provided with detachable heads comprising nut receiving portions 21, stem 28 and enlarged heads formed as clearly shown in Figure having a central conical depression 29 in its top which communicates with the fuel bore 3Q which in turn communicates with a fuel passage 3l of the nozzle proper, said head portions being screwed within the base portion of the nozzles as clearly shown in Figure 5, but it is, of course, understood that I do not wish to limit myself to the formation of these nozzles of two sections as I am aware they can be made as a single unit without departing from the spirit of my invention.

The heads of the high speed nozzles are formed slightly different from the head of the low speed nozzle as the beveled faces are eliminated and the heads are formed with a plurality of ripping edges 32 formed by annularly reducing the head from the top to the bottom by forming step-like shoulders which provide horizontal flat faces intersecting the circumferential faces to produce portions which will deflect the air currents passing thereby.

By having the high speed nozzles arranged one above the other, the ripping edges which deflect the air in passing thereby causes the air to be deflected one against the other so as to create a great disturbance to thoroughly vaporize the fuel flowing out of the nozzles.

In my companion case I have set up what I have assumed takes place in the operation of the nozzle constructed in accordance with my invention as I have found in practice that with a nozzle constructed as herein shown and described, the fuel is sprayed bythe air passing over the enlarged head and is not drawn out in a solid stream or slug as is the case with the general construction of nozzle now in use and while I have assumed that the fuel flows over the upper surface of the nozzle by a capillary action, this flowing of fuel may be by some other attraction, but my experiments have shown that the fuel is not drawn out of the nozzle in a stream but gradually fills the conical recess and overflows and is picked up by the turbulence of air so as to thoroughly vaporize not only the small particles but the heavy particles of fuel.

As stated in my companion application, I do not wish to limit myself to the exact function of this nozzle as my experiments have shown that by some peculiar action or attraction the fuel is thoroughly atomized by the turbulence of air created at the restriction formed by the nozzle so as. to allow the fuel to flow by an attraction of some kind into the path of the turbulence of air so as to pick the lm of fuel olf the surface of the nozzle and vaporize the same.

In the construction of atomizing tube disclosed in the embodiment of my invention as shown in Figures 6, l and 8, the same is adapted to be used in connection with the Marvel type of carburetor having a suction operated valve under which is arranged high speed nozzles for progressively feeding fuel.

Arranged within the carbureting passage to one side of the suction operated valve in a similar manner as shown in the preferred embodiment of the invention is a segmental block 32 provided with a bore forming an atomizing tube, said bore having a converging entrance 33 and a diverging outlet 34 which communicates with a cut out portion 35 in the top of the block surrounding the bore and the wall of said cut out portion is struck on the arc of a circle so that the recess formed thereby forms a segment of a sphere which terminates at its lower extremities in a vertical annular wall 3i? which is undercut as shown at 3l! to form a restriction anda ripping edge.

Disposed within this form of atomizing tube is a nozzle comprising a stem 38 which has an enlarged head provided with a vertical bore 39 through which fuel is adapted to pass, said bore intersecting the conical recess 4U formed in the top of the head at its upper end and intersecting the fuel passage 42 formed in the stem of the nozzle.

The head of the nozzle is arranged with its upper face in substantially the same horizontal 30 be thoroughly plane as the bottom of the spherical recess as clearly shown in Figure 6 `and said head i's constructed substantially the same as the construction of the high speed nozzles. being formed by a plurality of annularly arranged shoulders which gradually decrease in size from the top of the head towards the stem to form a plurality of ripping edges 43 which deflect the air passing throughthe atomizing nozzle away from the nozzle where it is picked up by the restriction and ripping edge and deflected towards the nozzle so that the lrn of fuel which flows over the upper face of the nozzle is p-icked up by a turbulence of air to thoroughly vaporize the fuel. I have found v'in practice that the fuel being drawn out of the nozzle will be thrown by the eddying currents created by the ripping edges into the recess surrounding the outlet of the atomizing tube and sprayed into the mixing chamber ofthe carbu- P20 retor so as to thoroughly vaporize all of the .par-

ticles thereof.

In all of the forms of nozzles and vaporizing tubes as herein shown the nozzle is so disposed in the restriction of the atomizing tube at such a `25 position that the velocity of air is increased at 135 in the horse power of a motor to which one of my charge forming devices is attached and therefore my invention consists in producing a carburetor with not only an atomizing nozzle but an atomizing tube, each being provided with a rip-- ping edgeset in progressive formation to cause `the deflected air currents to travel across the top of the nozzle so as to remove the film of fuel owing over the face of the nozzle whereby the yfuel is thoroughly atomized and sprayed into the carbureting passage.

The same action to a certain extent takes place when two or more nozzles are arranged adjacent each other as these ripping edges deflect the air currents towards one another to cause a great turbulence of air passing the nozzle so that the film owing over the nozzle is picked up when brought into the path of travel of the air currents to thoroughly vaporize the same.

While in the drawings I have shown certain details of construction of a charge forming device and the method of forming the nozzle and 'atomizing tube by forming the same in a block which is inserted in the carbureting passage of the charge forming device, I do not wish to limit myself to the exterior formation of the atomizing tube as I am aware that various changes can` be made and the outer wall of the tube could be cylindrical in form or in fact, ans7 shape, so long as the air passage of the atomizing tube is constructed with an annular restriction having a ripping edge for defiecting the deflected air currents towards the top of the nozzle in order to pick up the fuel and spray the same.

While I have shown a particular type of carburetor with a low speed nozzle and a plurality of high speed nozzles for progressively feeding fuel, I do not wish to limit myself to the use of my improved construction of nozzle and atomzing tube to any particular type of carburetor as I am aware that the same function can be obtained in a plain tube carburetor by placing an atomizing tube constructed in accordance. with my invention in said carburetor and arrangingwithin said 'atorn'zingv tube a nozzle constructed in accordance with my invention. In. fact, I have found in practice that the atomizing` tube when used inr connection with an` ordinary type of nozzle causesy the air to be deflected over the top of the nozzle and to more thoroughly vaporize the fuel, therefore I do not wish to limit myself in any way to the use of a nozzle in any particular form of carburetor, to the use of an atomizing tube in any particular type of carburetor or to the joint use of any particular type of atomizing tubeand nozzle so long vas the nozzle is provided with an enlarged head having a ripping edge and the atomizing tube is provided with a restriction having a ripping edge.

From the foregoing description it will be seen .that I have provided an atornizing tube and atomizing nozzle for a charge forming device which is capable of being used in any type of carburetor and when in position therein causes the air passing therethrough to be deflected over the top of the nozzle to thoroughly atomize the fuel being ill drawn out of the nozzle whereby said fuel is not drawn into the mixing lchamber of the carburetor in a stream or a slug but is sprayed into the mixing chamber in an atomized condition.

In the construction of atomizing tube and head 'f of the nozzle, the outer face of the nozzle and the inner face of the atomizing tube are formed of walls, the intersections of whichform straight lines.

Applicant is not able to state positively what actually takes place in the operation of a carburetor as herein shown and described so far as the flow of fuel from the nozzle and the impingement of the air on the flow of fuel over the edge of the nozzle but has assumed that by attraction fuel flows over the nozzle instead of being drawn out of the same in a stream and is picked up by the eddies of air created by the ripping edge and he therefore reserves the right to have any interpretation placed on the terms used in describing @l the action of the nozzle after further experiments have been made, but from the experiments so far made has found that certain phenomenal results are obtained as when a carburetor constructed in `accordance lwith his invention is substituted for other makes of carburetors on an internal combustion engine,l the horse power is increased as well as the mileage per gallon and that the flexibility of the engine with a carburetor constructed in accordance with his invention is greatly increased and applicant is able to use low test gasoline and yet obtain better results than obtained when a high grade gasoline is used which leads one to believe that the turbulence created breaks up the particles of fuel and thoroughly atomizes the same so that they are discharged into the air stream in a thoroughly atomized condition.

What I claim is: l. A carburetor having an atomizing tub-e provided with a nozzle disposed therein having a vertically disposed fuel outlet, said tube and nozzle having substantially horizontal disposed abrupt projections arranged in different horizontal planes for deflectng the air passing therethrough towards one another to create a turbulence at the point of discharge of fuel from said nozzle.

2. In a curburetor, an atomizing tube disposed therein having a fuel nozzle having a vertically disposed fuel outlet, said nozzle and tube being provided with annular oppositely disposed abrupt projections forming obstructions to the air passing thereby, said nozzle having an enlarged head gradually decreasing in size from the topl downwardly.

3. A carburetor having a plurality of closely associated nozzles provided with enlarged heads having undercut portions to form annular ripping edges for deflecting the air passing said nozzles towards one another, said nozzles having substantially vertically disposed fuel outlets.

4. A carburetor comprising a body having a carbureting passage, a member arranged in said carbureting passage provided with a bore through which air is adapted to pass, a suction operated valve, a plurality of nozzles arranged under said suction operated valve provided with enlarged heads formed of walls arranged at an angle to one another and a nozzle disposed in said bore having an enlarged head formed of walls arranged at right angles to one another.

-5. A carburetor comprising a body having a carbureting passage, a member arranged in said carbureting passage provided with a bore through which air is adapted to pass, a suction operated valve, ,a plurality of nozzles arranged under said suction operated valve provided with enlarged heads stepped to form walls arranged at an angle to one another to provide ripping edges and a nozzle disposed in said bore having an enlarged head stepped to form walls arranged at an Vangle to one another to provide ripping edges.

6. A carburetor having an atomizing tube disposed therein having a converging inlet and a diverging outlet with an annularly disposed restriction disposed adjacent the outlet formed with a sharp ripper edge for increasing the turbulence of air and fuel mixture passing therethrough and a nozzle disposed in said atomizing tube having an enlarged head stepped to form a plurality of ripping edges gradually decreasing in size disposed within said atomizing tube.

7. In a carburetor having an atomizing tube disposed therein provided with a restriction formed of walls, the faces of which are arranged at an angle to one another, a fuel nozzle disposed in said atomizing tube provided with an enlarged head having a vertically disposed fuel outlet, the outer walls of said head being annularly reduced to form a p-lurality of stepped ripper edges gradually reduced in size, the greatest di- -ameter of said head being arranged substantially at the point of greatest'restriction of said atomizing tube.

8. A carburetor comprising a body having a carbureting passage, a member arranged in said carbureting passage provided with a bore annularly enlarged at its upper end and provided with an annular restriction formed of walls arranged at an angle to one another to form a ripping edge and a nozzle disposed in said bore having an enlarged head formed of walls arranged at right angles to one another to provide ripping edges gradually reduced in size from the top downwardly.

9. A carburetor comprising a body having a carbureting passage, a member arranged in said carbureting passage provided with a bore through which air is adapted to pass, a suction operated valve, a plurality of nozzles arranged under said suction operated valve provided with enlarged heads stepped to form walls arranged at an angle to one another to provide ripping edges and a nozzle disposed in said bore having an enlarged head stepped to form walls arranged at an angle to one another to provide ripping edges, said bore being provided with a ripping edge in substantially the s-ame plane with the head of said nozzle.

10. A carburetor having an atomizing tube disposed therein provided with a restriction, a fuel nozzle disposed in said atomizing tube provided with an enlarged stepped head having a vertically disposed fuel outlet gradually decreasing in size from the upper end towards the lower end thereof, said head and atomizing tube being provided with substantially horizontally disposed` faces presenting abrupt angles to the passage of air passing therethrough to cause the deiected air currents to commingle and create a turbulence of the fuel mixture delivered from said tube.

1l. In a carburetor, a carbureting passage, an.

atomizing tube arranged therein having an annular projection, the projection being formed of walls arranged at an angle to one another and a nozzle having an enlarged head disposed in said atomizing tube provided with a vertically disposed fuel outlet, the head of said nozzle being stepped and formed of walls arranged -at an angle to one another, said head gradually decreasing in size from the top downwardly.

12. A carburetor comprising a carbueting passage having -a member arranged therein, said member having a bore forming an atomizing tube, the upper face of said member being reduced surrounding said bore, said bore having an annular restriction, the walls of which are formed at substantially right angles to one another to provide an annular ripping edge, and a nozzle disposed in said bore having an enlarged stepped head gradually reduced in size from the top downwardly to provide a plurality of ripping edges arr-anged in a plane below the ripping edge of said bore, said nozzle having a substantially vertically disposed fuel outlet.

13. A carburetor as herein shown and described comprising a body having a mixing chamber and a throttle controlled outlet, a member arranged in said body having an atomizing tube in communication with the mixing chamber, a suction operated valve, a constant level fuel reservoir, a low speed nozzle arranged in said atomizing tube fed i from said constant fuel reservoir having a head formed of walls arranged at an angle to one another to provide ripping edges and a pair of high speed nozzles in communication with said constant level reservoir having an enlarged head formed of walls arranged at an angle to one another to provide ripping edges, said high speed nozzles being arranged under said suction operated valve and adapted to progressively feed fuel into said mixing chamber as the suction controlled valve moves into open position.

CLAYTON B. PIERCE. 

